VOLUME 3, ISSUE 10, OCTOBER 2026

Abstract: Sustainability challenges, including climate change, resource depletion, waste generation, and rapid urbanisation, have increased the need for entrepreneurial solutions that integrate environmental responsibility with economic and social value. In India, technological innovation and emerging circular economy practices are creating new opportunities for sustainable entrepreneurship, particularly in sectors such as packaging, waste management, and clean energy. This study examines how technological innovation contributes to the development and scalability of sustainable entrepreneurial ventures in India. A qualitative multiple case study approach is adopted to analyse two emerging ventures, Bambrew and Nexus Power. Bambrew represents innovation in sustainable packaging through the development of biodegradable alternatives to single-use plastics using agricultural waste, natural fibres, and recycled materials. Nexus Power focuses on bio-organic, lithium-free battery technology developed from agricultural residue, addressing challenges associated with battery sustainability and crop-residue utilisation. The study examines the technological innovations, business models, market strategies, funding mechanisms, and environmental and societal contributions of the selected ventures. The cases indicate that technological innovation can support sustainable entrepreneurship by transforming waste and renewable resources into commercially viable products while addressing wider environmental and social challenges. The analysis also highlights the importance of strategic partnerships, government support, venture capital, and CSR funding in enabling the scaling of sustainable innovations. Further, the cases demonstrate how sustainable ventures can generate value beyond environmental benefits by supporting rural livelihoods, artisan communities, farmers, and resource-efficient production systems. The study contributes to the emerging literature on sustainable entrepreneurship by illustrating how technology-driven business models can integrate environmental, economic, and social value creation within the Indian entrepreneurial ecosystem.

Keywords: Sustainable Entrepreneurship; Technological Innovation; Sustainable Business Models; Circular Economy; Green Innovation; Social Impact; Indian Startups; Agricultural Waste; Sustainable Innovation; Entrepreneurial Ventures.

Abstract: The paper 'Poetry of the Earth: Eco-critical Readings of Modern Indian Poets' examines how contemporary Indian poetry respond through an Ecocritical lens, exploring how poets formulate the connections between human and the natural world. The study analyses how modern Indian poets from Nissim Ezekiel and A.K. Ramanujan, Kamala Das to modern voices like Mamang Dai and Arundhati Subramaniam, Jayanta Mahapatra exploiting nature not as a backdrop infact as a living entity interwined with spiritual cultural and ecological consciousness. Through intertextuality, imagery, symbolism and motifs like rivers, forests, mountains and wild life these poets may express the interconnectedness of human existence and ecological systems. And also, this study places the modern English poetry in both the Indian tradition and global environmental discourse that critically analyses the way in which poets would address deforestation, water scarcity, urbanization and climate change.
The study also demonstrates about indigenous ecological and regional perspectives, investigating the local cultural memory and folklore poetic expression. Meanwhile, it also discusses about the dimensions of ecofeminist and intersects environmental degradation with emphasizing poetry’s potential to inspire awareness, social justice, reflection and action. By investigating the aesthetic strategies, socio-environmental and thematic concerns impact of contemporary Indian ecopoet this paper explores poetry as a vital literary and cultural force in responding to ecological challenges.

Keywords: Ecocriticism, Nature and Culture, Eco-Poetic, Sustainability in literature, Eco-Feminism,Indigenous Ecological Wisdom.

सारांश: पर्यटन क्षेत्र क्षेत्रीय आर्थिक विकास, रोजगार सृजन, स्थानीय व्यापार के विस्तार तथा सार्वजनिक राजस्व में वृद्धि का एक महत्वपूर्ण माध्यम है। फर्रुखाबाद जनपद में धार्मिक, बौद्ध, जैन, ऐतिहासिक, सांस्कृतिक तथा पारिस्थितिक पर्यटन की विविध संभावनाएँ उपलब्ध हैं। संकिसा, कंपिल, नीव करोरी धाम, पांडवेश्वर नाथ मंदिर, पंचाल घाट, प्राचीन गंगा घाट, कुठिला झील तथा श्री रामनगरिया मेला इस पर्यटन आधार के प्रमुख घटक हैं। जिला प्रशासन के आधिकारिक पर्यटन विवरण के अनुसार इन स्थलों का धार्मिक एवं ऐतिहासिक महत्व है तथा कुछ स्थलों पर देश-विदेश से पर्यटक एवं श्रद्धालु आते हैं।

प्रस्तुत अध्ययन का उद्देश्य फर्रुखाबाद के पर्यटन स्थलों से सरकार को प्राप्त होने वाले प्रत्यक्ष एवं अप्रत्यक्ष राजस्व के संभावित स्रोतों का विश्लेषण करना तथा एक जिला-स्तरीय पर्यटन राजस्व आकलन ढाँचा विकसित करना है। अध्ययन में मुख्यतः द्वितीयक आँकड़ों, सरकारी प्रकाशनों, जिला प्रशासन के आधिकारिक अभिलेखों तथा पर्यटन अर्थशास्त्र से संबंधित शोध-साहित्य का उपयोग किया गया है। अध्ययन यह मानता है कि पर्यटन का आर्थिक प्रभाव केवल प्रवेश शुल्क तक सीमित नहीं होता, बल्कि आवास, भोजन, परिवहन, स्थानीय बाजार, धार्मिक सामग्री, पार्किंग, अस्थायी मेले की दुकानें, सेवा शुल्क तथा पर्यटन से उत्पन्न व्यवसायिक गतिविधियों के माध्यम से विस्तृत होता है।

अध्ययन का प्रमुख निष्कर्ष यह है कि फर्रुखाबाद में पर्यटन से सरकार को होने वाले राजस्व का सही आकलन करने के लिए केवल पर्यटक संख्या पर्याप्त नहीं है। एकीकृत पर्यटन राजस्व सूचना प्रणाली के माध्यम से पर्यटक संख्या, पर्यटक व्यय, आवासीय गतिविधि, स्थानीय व्यापार, शुल्क, कर तथा मेले से संबंधित आर्थिक गतिविधियों को एक साथ मापना आवश्यक है। इस अध्ययन में कोई काल्पनिक या अप्रमाणित राजस्व राशि आधिकारिक आँकड़े के रूप में प्रस्तुत नहीं की गई है।

प्रमुख शब्द: पर्यटन राजस्व, फर्रुखाबाद, उत्तर प्रदेश, धार्मिक पर्यटन, सांस्कृतिक पर्यटन, विरासत पर्यटन, स्थानीय आर्थिक विकास, सरकारी राजस्व, पर्यटन व्यय, सतत पर्यटन।

Abstract: Cloud computing has evolved into a widely adopted technology for storing, processing and sharing large volumes of data owing to its scalability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness. However, the challenge of guaranteeing the confidentiality of data during storage and transmission persists due to threats like unauthorized access, cyberattacks, and data breaches. This paper introduces an ASCII-Based Matrix Technique to tackle these security concerns and improve data confidentiality in cloud environments. The proposed technique converts plaintext into ASCII values and applies a secret prime key to convert the data into encrypted characters. The corresponding ciphertext is then written out column-wise in a matrix format, adding an extra layer of complexity and security. In decryption the reverse operations are done using the same secret key to correctly recover the original plaintext. The proposed technique is evaluated by using text files of different sizes varying from 5 MB to 25 MB. Experimental results show that as file size increased, encryption time increased from 61 ms to 84 ms, and decryption time increased from 38 ms to 62 ms. The results show that proposed techniques offers better data confidentiality with an acceptable processing time and is appropriate for secure cloud storage and data transmission. The matrix based arrangement and secret key mechanism greatly enhance the resistance to unauthorized access and cryptanalysis, while keeping the efficient performance.

Keywords: Cloud Computing, Data Security, Encryption, ASCII, Matrix Encryption, Data Confidentiality, Cloud Storage.

Abstract: Agriculture is a major component of the rural economy and cultural landscape of the Mysuru district in southern Karnataka. The pattern of distribution of agricultural crops varies greatly from one taluk to another because of variations in rainfall, soil, irrigation, relief, ground water availability, agro-climatic conditions, market accessibility and agricultural methods. The present study deals with the taluk wise distribution and production of major agricultural crops in the district of Mysuru with special reference to cereals and millets, pulses, oilseeds, commercial crops, plantation crops and horticultural crops. The study mainly relies on secondary data for the year 2023-24 from the Directorate of Economics and Statistics and ICAR-JSS Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Suttur, Mysuru. The agricultural profile gives information at taluk level for nine administrative units, namely, H.D. Kote, Hunsur, K.R. Nagar, Mysuru, Nanjangud, Periyapatana, Saligrama, Saraguru and T. Narasipura. The analysis reveals significant spatial differentiation. T. Narasipura is famous for its vast paddy area and sugarcane production, Periyapatana and Hunsur have large ragi cultivation. H.D. Kote and Hunsur are important maize producing areas. Nanjangud is a major producer of paddy, sugarcane, pulses and horticultural products. Irrigation also showed great spatial variation with T. Narasipura having the highest percentage of net irrigated area. The study concludes that the agricultural system in Mysuru district is diversified and spatially differentiated and suggests that future agricultural planning should adopt taluk specific strategies.

Keywords: Agricultural Geography, Mysuru district, taluk, crop distribution, crop production, irrigation, paddy, ragi, maize, sugarcane.

Abstract: An Adjustable DC Power Supply with Digital Monitoring and Protection is designed to provide a stable, variable, and reliable DC output for electronic testing, laboratory experiments, circuit development, and repair applications. The proposed system allows the user to adjust the output voltage according to the requirements of different electronic devices and circuits. A digital monitoring unit continuously measures and displays important electrical parameters such as output voltage and load current, enabling accurate and real-time observation of the power supply operation.

To improve system safety and reliability, protection features such as overcurrent, short-circuit, and overvoltage protection are incorporated. These mechanisms help protect both the connected load and the power supply components from damage during abnormal operating conditions. The system combines voltage regulation, digital measurement, and electrical protection in a single compact unit. Compared with a conventional basic DC power supply, the proposed design provides improved monitoring, operational safety, and ease of use. The developed system can be effectively used in educational laboratories, electronics workshops, prototype development, and electronic equipment servicing.

Keywords: Adjustable DC Power Supply, Voltage Regulation, Digital Monitoring, Overcurrent Protection, Short-Circuit Protection, Overvoltage Protection, Electronic Testing.

Abstract: From being a policy-driven initiative, the startup ecosystem in India has become one of the most diverse and growing startup ecosystems globally. Since launching the Startup India initiative in 2016, Startups have helped in the development of industries, technological innovation, employment creation, investment mobilization and bringing inclusiveness in the economy. Secondary data from the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Startup India Portal, NASSCOM, the Press Information Bureau, Government of India, the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Startup Genome reports, and academic papers have been analysed to explore the growth of entrepreneurship in India from 2016 to 2026. The study highlights the growth of the DPIIT-recognised startups, the growth of unicorn startups, employment creation, geographical diversification, women's participation, funding pattern and government support. It also highlights ongoing challenges such as lack of access to finance, collateral required, complexity of regulations, skills gaps, differential infrastructure, limited access to markets, and regional gaps. The paper suggests that getting the balance right between early-stage finance, encouraging research intensive and deep-tech start-ups, building incubation and mentoring network, making regulators more efficient, and extending entrepreneurship to women, rural populations and entrepreneurs in Tier-II and Tier-III cities will be key to the next stage of entrepreneurial development in India.

Keyword: Startups, Entrepreneurial Growth, Start Up India, Scaling Innovation